In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation and Apoptotic Effects of Datura innoxia Grown in Saudi Arabia and Phytochemical Analysis

Datura innoxia is an important species of Solanaceae family with several purposes in folk medicine. This study intends to explore the cytotoxic effect D. on various cancer cell proliferation. ethanolic extract’s progression cycle and induction apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry. Further, real-time PCR was employed confirm initiation. In addition, active phytochemicals identified gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The viability revealed that extract demonstrated potent cytotoxicity, IC50 value 10 μg/mL against LoVo colon cells. Cell staining propidium iodide treatment leads accumulation sub-G1 phase. Using Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, found cause a dose-dependent increase early late when compared control Apoptosis as mode death also confirmed increased expression p53, bax caspase-8, -9, -3 along downregulation Bcl-2. GC-MS analysis displayed 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (16.53%), heneicosyl formate (14.14%), 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol (12.89%), 2-hydroxy-4-methyl pentanoic (5.19%) main phytoconstituents. These findings conclude causes through apoptosis, suggesting more attention should be paid further exploration components from responsible for observed activities.